George Dantzig - Wikipedia. George Bernard Dantzig. Bush compiled by William Addams Reitwiesner The following material on the immediate ancestry of George W. Bush was initially compiled from two. George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic and polemicist whose influence. E-text designed for courses in personality theories, addressing psychoanalytic, behavioristic, and humanistic schools of thought, by Dr. George Boeree, Psychology. Gerald R. Ford awarded George B. Dantzig at the National Medal of Science Awards Ceremony, 1. Born(1. 91. 4- 1. November 8, 1. 91. Portland, Oregon. Died. May 1. 3, 2. Stanford, California. Citizenship. American. Fields. Mathematics. Operations research. Computer science. Economics. Statistics. Institutions. U. S. Air Force Office of Statistical Control. RAND Corporation. University of California, Berkeley. Stanford University. Alma mater. Bachelor's degrees - University of Maryland. Master's degree - University of Michigan. Doctor of Philosophy - University of California, Berkeley. Doctoral advisor. Jerzy Neyman. Doctoral students. Robert Fourer. Alfredo Noel Iusem. Ellis L. Johnson. Thomas Magnanti. Roger J- B Wets. Yinyu Ye. Known for. Linear programming. Simplex algorithm. Dantzig- Wolfe decomposition principle. Generalized linear programming. Generalized upper bounding. Max- flow min- cut theorem of networks. Quadratic programming. Complementary pivot algorithms. Linear complementarity problem. Stochastic programming. Influences. Wassily Leontief. John von Neumann. Marshal K. Wood. Influenced. Kenneth J. Arrow. Robert Dorfman. Leonid Hurwicz. Tjalling C. Saaty. Paul Samuelson. Philip Wolfe. Notable awards. John von Neumann Theory Prize(1. National Medal of Science in Mathematical, Statistical, and Computational Sciences (1. Harvey Prize(1. 98. Harold Pender Award(1. George Bernard Dantzig (November 8, 1. In statistics, Dantzig solved two open problems in statistical theory, which he had mistaken for homework after arriving late to a lecture of Jerzy Neyman. Dantzig's parents met during their study at the Sorbonne University in Paris, where Tobias studied mathematics under Henri Poincar. His mother became a linguist at the Library of Congress, and his father became a math tutor at the University of Maryland, College Park, George attended Powell Junior High School and Central High School; one of his friends there was Abraham Seidenberg, who also became a professional mathematician. He earned his master's degree in mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1. After a two- year period at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, he enrolled in the doctoral program in mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he studied statistics under Jerzy Neyman. With the outbreak of World War II, George took a leave of absence from the doctoral program at Berkeley to join the U. S. Air Force Office of Statistical Control. In 1. 94. 6, he returned to Berkeley to complete the requirements of his program and received his Ph. D. By 1. 96. 0 he became a professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering at UC Berkeley, where he founded and directed the Operations Research Center. In 1. 96. 6 he joined the Stanford faculty as Professor of Operations Research and of Computer Science. A year later, the Program in Operations Research became a full- fledged department. In 1. 97. 3 he founded the Systems Optimization Laboratory (SOL) there. On a sabbatical leave that year, he headed the Methodology Group at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria. Later he became the C. Criley Professor of Transportation Sciences at Stanford, and kept going, well beyond his mandatory retirement in 1. George was the recipient of many honors, including the first John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1. National Medal of Science in 1. The Mathematical Programming Society honored Dantzig by creating the George B. Dantzig Prize, bestowed every three years since 1. Dantzig died on May 1. Stanford, California, of complications from diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Based on his work tools are developed . The oil industry long has used linear programming in refinery planning, as it determines how much of its raw product should become different grades of gasoline and how much should be used for petroleum- based byproducts. It is used in manufacturing, revenue management, telecommunications, advertising, architecture, circuit design and countless other areas. Near the beginning of a class for which Dantzig was late, professor Jerzy Neyman wrote two examples of famously unsolved statistics problems on the blackboard. When Dantzig arrived, he assumed that the two problems were a homework assignment and wrote them down. According to Dantzig, the problems . Over time Dantzig's name was removed and facts were altered, but the basic story persisted in the form of an urban legend, and as an introductory scene in the movie Good Will Hunting. Linear programming arose as a mathematical model developed during World War II to plan expenditures and returns in order to reduce costs to the army and increase losses to the enemy. It was kept secret until 1. Postwar, many industries found its use in their daily planning. The founders of this subject are Leonid Kantorovich, a Russian mathematician who developed linear programming problems in 1. Dantzig, who published the simplex method in 1. John von Neumann, who developed the theory of the duality in the same year. Dantzig's original example of finding the best assignment of 7. The computing power required to test all the permutations to select the best assignment is vast; the number of possible configurations exceeds the number of particles in the universe. However, it takes only a moment to find the optimum solution by posing the problem as a linear program and applying the Simplex algorithm. The theory behind linear programming drastically reduces the number of possible optimal solutions that must be checked. In 1. 96. 3, Dantzig. Rich in insight and coverage of significant topics, the book quickly became . Notes on linear programming. RAND Corporation. Linear inequalities and related systems. Princeton University Press. Linear programming and extensions. Princeton University Press and the RAND Corporation. On the continuity of the minimum set of a continuous function. Folkman and Norman Shapiro. Mathematics of the decision sciences. Summer Seminar on Applied Mathematics 5th : 1. Stanford University. American Mathematical Society. Lectures in differential equations. Contributors: George B. Dantzig and others. Natural gas transmission system optimization. Compact city; a plan for a liveable urban environment. Studies in optimization. Mathematical Association of America. Mathematical programming : essays in honor of George B. Mathematical Programming Society. Linear programming 1: Introduction. Linear programming 2: Theory and Extensions. Stanford Business Books, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Articles, a selection: Dantzig, George B. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. Wood, Marshall K.; Dantzig, George B. Profiles in Operations Research. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. In: Washington Post, May 1. B0. 6^ abc. Richard W. Curtis Eaves and Michael A. Stanford Report, June 7, 2. Albers, Donald J.; Alexanderson, Gerald L.; Reid, Constance, eds. More Mathematical People. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 1. In: SIAM News, November 1. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. Retrieved 1. 4 October 2. Dantzig, by Richard W. Notices of the American Mathematical Society. Dantzig: a legendary life in mathematical programming. Mathematical Programming. George Bernard Shaw - Wikipedia. George Bernard Shaw (2. July 1. 85. 6 . He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as Man and Superman (1. Pygmalion (1. 91. Saint Joan (1. 92. With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, and in 1. Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Dublin, Shaw moved to London in 1. By the mid- 1. 88. Following a political awakening, he joined the gradualist. Fabian Society and became its most prominent pamphleteer. Shaw had been writing plays for years before his first public success, Arms and the Man in 1. Influenced by Henrik Ibsen, he sought to introduce a new realism into English- language drama, using his plays as vehicles to disseminate his political, social and religious ideas. By the early twentieth century his reputation as a dramatist was secured with a series of critical and popular successes that included Major Barbara, The Doctor's Dilemma and Caesar and Cleopatra. Shaw's expressed views were often contentious; he promoted eugenics and alphabet reform, and opposed vaccination and organised religion. He courted unpopularity by denouncing both sides in the First World War as equally culpable, and although not a republican, castigated British policy on Ireland in the postwar period. These stances had no lasting effect on his standing or productivity as a dramatist; the inter- war years saw a series of often ambitious plays, which achieved varying degrees of popular success. In 1. 93. 8 he provided the screenplay for a filmed version of Pygmalion, for which he received an Academy Award. His appetite for politics and controversy remained undiminished; by the late 1. Fabian gradualism and often wrote and spoke favourably of dictatorships of the right and left. In the final decade of his life he made fewer public statements, but continued to write prolifically until shortly before his death, aged 9. Order of Merit in 1. Since Shaw's death, scholarly and critical opinion has varied about his works, but he has regularly been rated as second only to William Shakespeare among English- language dramatists; analysts recognise his extensive influence on generations of playwrights. He was the youngest child and only son of George Carr Shaw (1. The Shaw family was of English descent and belonged to the dominant Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. His relatives secured him a sinecure in the civil service, from which he was pensioned off in the early 1. In 1. 85. 2 he married Bessie Gurly; in the view of Shaw's biographer Michael Holroyd she married to escape a tyrannical great- aunt. If, as Holroyd and others surmise, George's motives were mercenary, then he was disappointed, as Bessie brought him little of her family's money. She came to despise her ineffectual and often drunken husband, with whom she shared what their son later described as a life of . Shaw retained a lifelong obsession that Lee might have been his biological father; there is no consensus among Shavian scholars on the likelihood of this. He found solace in the music that abounded in the house. Lee was a conductor and teacher of singing; Bessie had a fine mezzo- soprano voice and was much influenced by Lee's unorthodox method of vocal production. The Shaws' house was often filled with music, with frequent gatherings of singers and players. In 1. 86. 2 Lee and the Shaws agreed to share a large house, No. Hatch Street, in a better part of Dublin, and also a country cottage on Dalkey Hill, overlooking Killiney Bay. Shaw, a sensitive boy, found the less salubrious parts of Dublin shocking and distressing, and he was happier at the cottage. Lee's students often gave him books, which the young Shaw read avidly; thus, as well as gaining a thorough musical knowledge of choral and operatic works, he became familiar with a wide spectrum of literature. During this period he was known as . A fortnight later Bessie followed him; the two girls joined her. Left in Dublin with his father, Shaw compensated for the absence of music in the house by teaching himself to play the piano. Early in 1. 87. 6 Shaw learned from his mother that Agnes was dying of tuberculosis. He resigned from the land agents, and in March travelled to England to join his mother and Lucy at Agnes's funeral. He never again lived in Ireland, and did not visit it for twenty- nine years. Initially, Shaw refused to seek clerical employment in London. His mother allowed him to live free of charge in her house in South Kensington, but he nevertheless needed an income. He had abandoned a teenage ambition to become a painter, and had no thought yet of writing for a living, but Lee found a little work for him, ghost- writing a musical column printed under Lee's name in a satirical weekly, The Hornet. Lee's relations with Bessie deteriorated after their move to London. In the interim he secured a reader's pass for the British Museum Reading Room (the forerunner of the British Library) and spent most weekdays there, reading and writing. His first attempt at drama, begun in 1. It was abandoned unfinished, as was his first try at a novel. His first completed novel, Immaturity (1. He was employed briefly by the Edison Telephone Company in 1. Nonetheless, when the Edison firm merged with the rival Bell Telephone Company, Shaw chose not to seek a place in the new organisation. Thereafter he pursued a full- time career as an author. For the next four years Shaw made a negligible income from writing, and was subsidised by his mother. In 1. 88. 1, for the sake of economy, and increasingly as a matter of principle, he became a vegetarian. He grew a beard to hide a facial scar left by smallpox. Here he met Sidney Webb, a junior civil servant who, like Shaw, was busy educating himself. Despite difference of style and temperament, the two quickly recognised qualities in each other and developed a lifelong friendship. Shaw later reflected: . We had everything to learn from one another and brains enough to do it. The project foundered, but Shaw returned to the draft as the basis of Widowers' Houses in 1. Archer proved of immense value to Shaw's career. Political awakening: Marxism, socialism, Fabian Society. Shaw then read George's book Progress and Poverty, which awakened his interest in economics. He began attending meetings of the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), where he discovered the writings of Karl Marx, and thereafter spent much of 1. Das Kapital. He was not impressed by the SDF's founder, H. Hyndman, whom he found autocratic, ill- tempered and lacking leadership qualities. Shaw doubted the ability of the SDF to harness the working classes into an effective radical movement and did not join it. He became a member in September, and before the year's end had provided the society with its first manifesto, published as Fabian Tract No. He joined the society's executive committee in January 1. Webb and also Annie Besant, a fine orator. A Manifesto (1. 88. From 1. 88. 5 to 1. Shaw attended the fortnightly meetings of the British Economic Association; it was, Holroyd observes, . After a rally in Trafalgar Square addressed by Besant was violently broken up by the authorities on 1. November 1. 88. 7 (. Thereafter he largely accepted the principle of . Its profile was raised in 1. Fabian Essays in Socialism, edited by Shaw who also provided two of the essays. The second of these, . In 1. 89. 0 Shaw produced Tract No. What Socialism Is, a revision of an earlier tract in which Charlotte Wilson had defined socialism in anarchistic terms. In Shaw's new version, readers were assured that . Their affair continued, not always smoothly, for eight years. Shaw's sex life has caused much speculation and debate among his biographers, but there is a consensus that the relationship with Patterson was one of his few non- platonic romantic liaisons. The latter was published as a serial in To. Day magazine in 1. Cashel Byron appeared in magazine and book form in 1. In 1. 88. 4 and 1. Archer, Shaw was engaged to write book and music criticism for London papers. When Archer resigned as art critic of The World in 1. Shaw. The two figures in the contemporary art world whose views Shaw most admired were William Morris and John Ruskin, and he sought to follow their precepts in his criticisms. Their emphasis on morality appealed to Shaw, who rejected the idea of art for art's sake, and insisted that all great art must be didactic. In the 2. 01. 6 version of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Robert Anderson writes, . As at The World, he used the by- line . He campaigned against the artificial conventions and hypocrisies of the Victorian theatre and called for plays of real ideas and true characters. By this time he had embarked in earnest on a career as a playwright: . At first he made slow progress; The Philanderer, written in 1. Similarly, Mrs Warren's Profession (1. The press found the play overlong, and accused Shaw of mediocrity. The play ran from April to July, toured the provinces and was staged in New York. Among the cast of the London production was Florence Farr, with whom Shaw had a romantic relationship between 1. Jenny Patterson. Candida, which presented a young woman making a conventional romantic choice for unconventional reasons, received a single performance in South Shields in 1. Napoleon called The Man of Destiny had a single staging at Croydon. In the 1. 89. 0s Shaw's plays were better known in print than on the West End stage; his biggest success of the decade was in New York in 1. Richard Mansfield's production of the historical melodrama The Devil's Disciple earned the author more than . He was sceptical about the new party, and scorned the likelihood that it could switch the allegiance of the working class from sport to politics. He persuaded the conference to adopt resolutions abolishing indirect taxation, and taxing unearned income . Back in London, Shaw produced what Margaret Cole, in her Fabian history, terms a .
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